Changed Guidelines and the Jill Dando Case Free Essay Example, 8750 words

This research tells that George Barry s case was based on the discovery of a tiny speck, only visible under a microscope that connected him to the crime scene. According to the forensic science expert dealing with the case, the firearm discharge residue particle found in George s coat was consistent with the one found on Dando s head and so that qualified George as one of the potential suspects in the case. This evidence was considered enough by the jury and hence led to the conviction of George. This put the role and use of expert evidence under fire with criticism arising from the reliability of such minute evidence as it was adopted and led to George s life imprisonment. This formed the basis of the appeal against the decision and when the evidence was shelved, George s case was dismissed and he was acquitted. Let us look deeply at the admissibility of such evidence in a court of law and whether it should be used in the determination of a given case without the aid of other forms of evidence. Support evidence is always important in such cases. We will write a custom essay sample on Changed Guidelines and the Jill Dando Case or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Firearm discharge residue is made up of bits of propellant that shots the bullet. It is also composed of particles of the primer. Propellant particles are totally different from the primer in that the primer has some metals in its composition that distinguish it from the propellant. Upon microscopic analyses, the speck found in George s coat was found to be a primer residue.

Casablanca analysis Free Essays

Lund and Captain Renault arriving at the airport to supposedly send Victor Laszlo off to Lisbon, Portugal. Rick Blaine meanwhile plans to send ‘Sis off with her husband. The night before alls had c unfrosted Rick In his deserted cafe about the letters of transit and tries to force him at gunpoint to give them to her, but gives up saying she’s unable to due to her still loving him. We will write a custom essay sample on Casablanca analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now She explain ins why she oft him without explanation which was because she felt she had to tend to her Ill huh spans who she had believed to have died escaping trot a concentration camp. Rick agrees to h alp leading her believe she will stay with him when Laszlo leaves. Laszlo shows up after narrowing escaping a police raid, and tries to persuade Rick to use the letters to take alls to safe TTY. When Renault arrives with an arrest warrant, Rick convinces him to release Laszlo by promo sing to set him up for the more serious crime of being in possession of the letters of transit. Rick then forces him at gunpoint to assist in their escape. Upon arrival to the airport, Rick does NT give alls much of a choice to either board the plane with Laszlo or stay with him believing that she would regret it and that she needs to help Laszlo with his work. This choice is set up as her either sacrificing her love with Rick leaving to be honorable for staying in her marriage or staying with him for uncertain future. The former option is emotionally satisfying as an end to thee r relationship s It’s filled with honor, grace and dignity. It’s the ultimate resolution to their dilemma after having the perfect affair in Pans and then their bad timed reunion. Alga’s â€Å"choice† at the end of the film Is not a matter of right or wrong. Whether or not alls chooses to stay In her marriage SSH old not be a matter of It being the right or wrong choice, rather It’s her own personal decision w nether or not to choose to be happy and that would not have affected future events In a general SE nose. How to cite Casablanca analysis, Papers

Imprisoning Offenders for Australian Justice - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImprisoning Offenders for Australian Justice System. Answer: From the very beginning, prison has not only been considered as an institution but also as a centre of correction in which inmates have lived their lives and experienced the worst. Traditionally, the concept of prison was based on the perspective that, individuals who have committed wrong against the society are bound to be kept in prisons. In this regard, scholars were of the opinion that for the purpose of protecting the society from crime and disorder, it is important to imprison offenders (Armstrong and Maruna 2016). In modern era, adequate research has been conducted on the life of the inmates inside the prisons however; the effects and necessity of incarceration was not emphasized. The essay is commissioned to examine the fact that why imprisonment of offenders plays significant role in the Australian Justice System and the impact of incarceration on inmates however; much emphasis is laid on the fact that why prisons are considered to be obsolete. In the past the criminal justice system of Australia was complex in nature however; in recent era, with the implementation of various programs and individualized treatments, the criminal justice system of Australia gained new shape (Baldry and Cunneen 2014). According to the perspective of modern authors, the community of Australia deserves an efficient criminal justice system which would be beneficial in enhancing community safety. However, it is important on the part of the Australian Justice System to apply appropriate policies for the purpose of holding the offenders accountable for their criminal activities by ensuring the outcomes of their actions (Tonry 2015). It is noteworthy to mention here that, from the beginning, the primary objective of the Australian Justice System is community security and protection. However, community safety can be ensured if the crime rates are reduced considerably and the individuals of the society are deterred from further commission of crimes. It is evident that an offender shall be able to reform himself if he remains within the community however; in this regard, the community plays a major role in accepting such offenders back into the society (White 2015). The Criminal Justice System of Australia has undermined the risks related to this matter from time to time (Buchanon, Swanson and Swartz 2017). Now the question lies in the fact that why imprisoning the offenders is important for the Australian Justice System. This is due to the reason that with the imprisoning of offenders, the risk towards the society can be reduced to a large extent. In this regard, the Australian Justice System has undertaken flexible sentencing regimes for the purpose of improving community safety and contributing towards lower rates of recidivism (Glass 2016). It is worth noting that due to the implementation of such policies in the Australian Justice System, significant results has been achieved in managing the number of offenders in the communi ty. However, it has contributed towards an increase in number of inmates in the prisons of Australia. It is worthwhile to mention here that the criminal justice system of Australia has proved to be beneficial in protecting the interests and security of the community to a large extent. In this regard, the criminal justice system has been considered to be just and fair for enforcing and applying various successful programs for the elimination of crime from the society. Therefore, much emphasis has been laid upon the concept of sentencing and its significance for the betterment of the community. In the early 1980s, an unprecedented growth has been experienced in the prison population of Australia (Jeffries and Newbold 2016). As a result of such rapid increase of rates in prison population, highest per capita incarceration rate has been witnessed in Australia as compared to other industrialized democracies. In this context, mention can be made regarding the substantial increase in the number of inmates in Australian prisons that has efficiently attributed to the elimination of crimes fro m 1975 to 1985 (Tubex, Blagg and Tulich 2018). During that period, it was observed that, for the purpose of enhancing quick response towards the issue of increasing crime within the communities, various policymakers and government authorities demanded to introduce tough policies involving lengthy determinate sentences (Kapellas and Jamieson 2016). Therefore, due to such reasons, imprisoning the offenders became an important matter of concern to the Australian Justice System. It is worth mentioning that, as a result of increasing desire on the part of the general public to severely punish the offenders for their criminal activities in order to deter them from committing further crime in future, incarceration of the offenders is still a significant part of the justice system of Australia. In spite of various efforts on the part of modern researchers in conducting extensive regarding the subject-matter of criminal justice system, the perceptions of inmates regarding prison life has been largely ignored. Therefore, the perceptions of the inmates shall be emphasized in relation to the sociological and psychological impact as well as their intention to avoid criminal activities after release. In recent era, plenty of research has been conducted for the purpose of examining the impact of incarceration on the inmates. According to the perspectives of early researchers, since time immemorial, incarceration had created negative psychological and physical effects on the inmates (Kelly and Armitage 2015). These impact included depression, suicidal tendencies and emotional withdrawal. However, in modern society, effort has been made by the prison authorities and various government officials to reduce the dreadful impact of incarceration on the inmates. It is evident that the objective of prison is to provide appropriate cure to the offenders for the purpose of reincarnating them. However, it can be seen that, in reality prisons do more harm to the offenders than good. The pain associated with jail confinement creates harmful impact on the inmates in various ways. However, the most important of them are psychological and sociological impact. It is worthwhile to mention here that prisons have been designed for the purpose of converting the inmates into responsible citizen of the society. Unfortunately, recent researches have shown that life in a prison is a form of torture which results into various psychological effects which can be emphasized as depression, delusions and dissatisfaction with life (Lawson 2015). However, the sociological impacts are associated with isolation from family and relatives, the shame of being imprisoned and non-acceptance on the part of the society after being released. It can be observed that the prisone rs on release face various psychological disturbances which promote the occurrence of more criminal activities in the future. It is noteworthy to mention here that these psychological impacts are sometimes destructive in nature which creates instances of madness substance abuse on the part of the inmates. In most of the cases, there is a feeling of shame on the part of the prison inmates regarding the matter of being incarcerated. In this regard, the inmates develop suicidal tendencies as a result of prolonged victimization (Nettelbeck 2018). As a result of such sociological and psychological impact, the dependency of the inmates towards the institutional structures has increased considerably. Therefore, interpersonal distrust and suspicion among the jail inmates have increased to a large extent which resulted into various exploitive activities within the prison structure. Due to the reason of being incarcerated, inmates are socially withdrawn and isolated from the community and due to lack of support on the part of the society; the sense of self-worth and personal value has diminished to a great extent (Perry 2016). The argument regarding the fact that whether prisons are obsolete has been established for the purpose of emphasizing the fact that whether it is important to abolish prisons or not. In the opinion of Angela Davis, an author and activist, the structural framework of prisons has been designed for the purpose of promoting a new form of slavery. According to her perspective, the reformative policies of the prisons are not well structured and therefore as a result of it inmates are horribly tortured especially women (Davis 2011). According to her point of view, that there are better ways in which the criminal activities of the inmates can be addressed and therefore it is essential for the communities to change their perspectives towards criminals and contribute to the abolition of prisons in the long term. It can be stated that in modern era, the structural framework of prisons are quite complex which involves various forms of modern slavery, cruelty and corruptions. Therefore, it is wor th noting that the argument presented by Angela Davis can prove to be efficient in presenting the idea that it is important to reform or rehabilitate the inmates rather than punishing them brutally. In the conclusion, it can be stated that the present conditions of incarceration under the Australian Justice System has been improved. Therefore, there is a greater chance on the part of the government policies and programs to emphasize on rehabilitating offenders for the purpose of improving public safety and preventing future crimes. However, efforts should be demonstrated on the fact that the programs should be implemented for the benefit of the inmates and not for the purpose of making their conditions even more worsening. References: Armstrong, R. and Maruna, S., 2016. Examining imprisonment through a social justice lens.Justice and penal reform: Re-shaping the penal landscape, pp.138-161. Baldry, E. and Cunneen, C., 2014. Imprisoned Indigenous women and the shadow of colonial patriarchy.Australian New Zealand Journal of Criminology,47(2), pp.276-298. Buchanon, A., Swanson, J.W. and Swartz, M.S., 2017. Community psychiatric treatment under legal mandates: the international experience.Care of the Mentally Disordered Offender in the Community, p.243. Davis, A.Y., 2011.Are prisons obsolete?. Seven Stories Press. Glass, D., 2016. Investigation into the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners in Victoria.Advancing Corrections Journal: Edition# 1-2016, P.101. Jeffries, S. and Newbold, G., 2016. Analysing trends in the imprisonment of women in Australia and New Zealand.Psychiatry, Psychology and Law,23(2), pp.184-206. Kapellas, K. and Jamieson, L.M., 2016. Historical consequences of colonialism, disempowerment, and reactionary government decisions in relation to imprisonment rates in Australia's Northern Territory: a potential solution.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved,27(1), pp.11-29. Kelly, L. and Armitage, V., 2015. Diverse diversions: youth justice reform, localized practices, and a new interventionist diversion?.Youth Justice,15(2), pp.117-133. Lawson, C., 2015. Does imprisonment work?.Legaldate,27(2), p.9. Nettelbeck, A., 2018. Creating the Aboriginal Vagrant: Protective Governance and Indigenous Mobility in Colonial Australia.Pacific Historical Review,87(1), pp.79-100. Perry, A., 2016. Substitute decision-making for individuals under public guardianship involved with the criminal justice system in New South Wales, Australia. Tonry, M., 2015. Is cross-national and comparative research on the criminal justice system useful?.European journal of criminology,12(4), pp.505-516.. Tubex, H., Blagg, H. and Tulich, T., 2018. Western Australian penal culture and indigenous over representation: Evaluating 25 years of law, policy and practice.University of Western Australia Law Review,43(1), p.264. White, R., 2015. Indigenous young people and hyperincarceration in Australia.Youth Justice,15(3), pp.256-270.

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Example

Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Essay Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising BY Jaymes2510 James Essex Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising Word Count: 1133 Words Born in 1965 in a small town called Usk, Monmouthshire, Rory Sutherland has rose through the ranks in the advertising industry to become one of the most influential fgures in advertising (The Marketing Society, 2013). Rory began his studies at his local school Haberdashers, and then on to further his studies at Christs College, Cambridge. During school, Rory was a mischievous child. His brother recalling a ituation in which, in Rorys Latin class the teacher wondered whether he had time for a new exercise. *dow much time have I got? the master muttered to himself as he looked at his watch. Not long unless you give up smoking, Sir, was Rorys response. (The Wiki Man, 2011) This sense of foolishness and carefree attitude seems to have followed Rory into his later life, work and has possibly made him the influential fgure he is today. Rory seemed to be following in the footsteps of Sir Martin Sorrell from an early age, however it seems that the rebellious attitude seemed to diminish the similarities egan teaching at a grammar school in Aylesbury. This would not last long however. The contents of the staff room proved too depressing to bear (Ogilvy, 2013). After applying to numerous advertising and marketing Jobs, Rory finally landed a position at Ogilvy Mather Direct where things did not improve, Paul ODonnell, chairman of Ogilvy Mather saying he was without a doubt the worst graduate trainee we ever hired (The Wiki Man, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Presenting Rory Sutherland as a Hero of Advertising specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Rory had many Jobs at Ogilvy and it seemed like he was terrible at all of them. Rory always had a keen eye for seeking out new developments in technology and making se of them. Rory Joined the agency at the brink of a technological boom, when computers and the Internet were starting to advance rapidly. When Ogilvy got a new information machine called MAID, (a piece of equipment that would give answers to questions being typed into it), they had no choice but to let Rory use it, as he was the only one that knew how. Paul ODonnell (2011) stated that this was the worst thing they could have let Rory do. Instead of actually planning, he would sit in front of the machine typing in question after question, looking at the answers and saying fascinating, fascinating. After being moved from account management to planning, and then being fired from that, it seemed like there was no hope for Rory. That was until an outcry across the office forced them to give Rory one more chance. He was moved to the creative department and flourished. Within five years Rory was made Executive Creative Director. Rory has become an expert on behavioural economics and believes advertising and marketing must be seen as a science. In a TED Talk filmed in Athens, Rory talks about how Perspective is everything and how much too time is spent looking for technical engineering solutions and not enough time ooking for psychological solutions. Using the following example where he talks about the Eurostar Journey times, he sums his statement up perfectly: Six million pounds spent to reduce the Journey time between Paris and London by about forty minutes. For maybe ten percent of the money you could have paid all of the worlds top male and female supermodels to walk up and down the train, handing out free Chateau Petrus to all passengers. Youd still have five [million] pounds in change and people would ask for the trains to be slowed down. (TED Talks, 2012) This is a brilliant example of the creative and knowledgeable way Rory looks at the dvertising industry and using this insight, he has launched a new initiative called #ogilvychange. Founded by Rory himself and Director of Strategy Integration Jez Groom, #ogilvychange uses leading research in cognitive psychology and the communication expertise of Ogilvy to create a new way of advertising, to change the minds and behavior of the consumers in a way that makes advertising much more effective. Rorys view of looking at advertising and marketing as purely a science rather than an art form is not brand new however. In 1923, Claude C. Hopkins published his book advertising and the need to target the man rather than the masses. In other words, advertising that targets a large quantity of people is going to be less effective than advertising that focuses on targeting an individual, finding out the way they think and targeting a more psychological advertising campaign towards them using a scientific approach. In his book, Claude Hopkins says: Dont think of people in the mass. That gives you a blurred view. Think ofa typical individual, man or woman, who is likely to want what you sell. Dont try to be amusing. Money spending is a serious matter (Scientific Advertising, 1923) Rory seems to be carrying on this scientific approach to advertising, working with big lients such as British Airways, British Gas, IBM and many more to change the way people think and behave. Rory has championed the behavioural economics agenda at Ogilvy Mather and working with a team of experts, he will oversee the future of Looking at Rory Sutherland, as a hero of advertising at the present moment may be slightly difficult to comprehend, after all, Claude Hopkins pioneered the idea of scientific advertising and as such, shaped the way advertisers target their consumers. As a personal opinion, I would argue that Claude Hopkins has made much more of a contribution to advertising in the behavioural economics and sychological advertising segment and is therefore more worthy of the title Hero of Advertising. However if we look at the work Rory Sutherland is currently undertaking at Ogilvy Mather, the use of his understanding of behavioural economics and psychological advertising to create a whole new agenda for the company, #ogilvychange, I can not say that he has had no contribution to the advertising industry. His skills speak for himself; his bubbly and rebellious attitude from a young age has made him a charismatic person and as such, he has managed to rise through the ranks at Ogilvy Mather at a substantial rate. Perhaps this is why he has such an understanding of behavioural economics and consumer psychology, because he can relate to the consumer on a human level. As such, although Rory Sutherland may not be worthy of the title Hero of Advertising at the present moment in comparison to such pioneers as Claude Hopkins, I can see the use of his understanding of consumer psychology and his founding and running of #ogilvychange putting him in a prime place to soon become a Hero of Advertising. Hopkins, C. , 1923. Scientific Advertising [online] Available from: http:// www. scientificadvertising. com/ScientificAdvertising. f [Accessed October 2013] The Marketing Society, 2013. Ogilvy and Pimp My Cause partnership [online] The Library. Available from: https://www. marketingsociety. co. uk/the-library/ogilvy-and- pimp-my-cause-partnership [Accessed October 2013] #ogilvychange, 2013. Little Ideas From Big Thinkers [online] #ogilvychange. Available from: http://www. ogilvychange. com/ [Accessed Octob er 2013] Ogilvy Mather. 2013. Rory Sutherland. [online] Available from: http:// www. ogilvy. co. uk/our-people/rory-sutherland/. [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Mather. 2012. Ogilvy Mather UK Launches new Behavioural Sciences Practice [online] Available from: http://www. ogilvy. co. uk/blog/ogilvy-mather-uk- launches-new-behavioural-sciences-practice/ [Accessed October 2013] Ogilvy Change, 2013. An Introduction to #ogilvychange [video, online] Available from: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=PYoD1 IWEYpg [Accessed October 2013] Sutherland, R. , 2011. The Wiki Man [online] London: Its Nice That and Ogilvy Group Ted Talks, 2012. Rory Sutherland: Perspective is Everything [video, online] Available from: http://www. ted. com/talks/rory_sutherland_perspective_is_everything. html [Accessed October 2013]

FL Learners

The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners Identifying the Problem Area Importance of effective writing skills is enormous with regard to the existing academic and professional standards. During the peer-tutoring sessions, students are often challenged by the professors’ instructions and, therefore, they need additional assistance to cope with writing assignments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers: The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is of particular concern to ESL students who often face a dilemma of proofreading because of lack of qualified proofreading services on campus. However, the point is that most of students are not fully aware of the necessity to check their papers for grammar and spelling before submitting them to their professors. What is more frustrating is that the current writing centers for second language l earners fail to provide sufficient services for them, except for the expensive ones. Judging from the above-presented assumptions, two major problems come to the forth: What are the main reasons for students’ unawareness of the need to proofread their papers before submissions? What does the University fail to provide high quality proofreading services for ESL students? With this in mind, it is necessary to explore the main causes and origins of the problem, as well as define who these urgent issues can be addressed through an action research plan. Significance of the Problem The problem of disservice writing policies, as well as students’ reluctance to address professional assistance has recently become much more serious. Many ESL learners fail to meet with their supervisors merely because they are not able to communicate effectively, as well as understand what actually a professor want them to do. Therefore, students studying the English language as their second on e often come to the writing center for not just writing assistance, but for the purpose of improving their communicational skills (Pistone, 2010). However, lack of sufficient communication skills might become a serious problem because it also influences the frequency of students’ attendance to the proofreading centers. Aside from the communication difficulties, ESL students can face significant writing problems that need especial intervention. The point is that writing skills cannot be underestimated because they demonstrate students’ learning abilities (Tan, n. d.). Therefore, students having poor writing level have greater changes to fail their academic exams. The problem area is of especially significance because it provides significant barriers for the ESL students and contributes negatively to the problem of international learning. The problem is also closely associated with cultural diversity issues which are often ignored by professors. Thus, students studying t he second language do not consider proofreading service as a viable solution to the problem because independent learning is highly appreciated in some countries.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rationale for the Research Regarding the problem of second language learning and the consequences of disservice writing centers, it is imperative to provide a deeper analysis of reasons for students’ reluctance and unawareness of attending writing centers, as well as underpinnings for re-evaluating the existing functions and use of proofreading services. Looking the problem through the prism of innovative approaches to proofreading, as well as existing writing centers ensuring effective support and assistance to students, the research action plan should be introduced to take the corresponding measures to improve the current situation. Theoretical Implications for the Action Res earch Lack of highly qualified proofreading services, as well as students’ reluctance to address such services, provides a solid ground for researching the standards and main strategies applied by leading writing centers. It will help to define how ESL students can improve their writing skills. There is also a necessity to explore the reasons for students’ ignorance of the importance of addressing tutors at the writing centers to compare the findings with the results obtained from questionnaire. Finally, it is also purposeful to focus on the existing strategies and approaches to assisting foreign learners in advancing their writing skills. According to the studies performed by Tan (n. d.), few universities in Asian countries can provide sufficient writing services for ESL students. What is more problematic is that these services are often provided under the support of broader services, such as learning or self-access centers. As a result, lack of writing and support ce nters does not contribute to recognizing the fact that many students have serious problems with the written assignments. Despite the identified shortage, some universities still manage to introduce innovation in the sphere of proofreading. For instance, the Baptist College in Hong Kong has created the Writing Enhancement Service because teacher became more aware of their students having problems with writing (Tan, n. d.). In this respect, they developed an effective system addressing various aspects of writing, as well as assisting students in exploring drawbacks in their writing. In the studies provided by Gupta Woldemarian (n. d.), it is also possible to track the interdependency of writing skills and degree of motivation to improve them. Because students are often triggered by the necessity to meet the academic writing standards, such aspects as attitude and motivation are always under the question. In this respect, these factors enable to differentiate because students with low and high achievement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses, Functions, and Shortcomings of University Writing Centers: The Disservice or No Proofreading Policies for ES/FL Learners specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because motivation and attitude are emotional composites of emotional cognition, they identify students’ reluctance or aspiration either to attend or to skip proofreading services. Similar to Gupta Woldemarian (n. d.), Ma (2011) refers to the role of perception and attitude in achieving high academic results. Specifically, the scholar points out that sometimes, students and teachers’ perceptions of academic objectives differ significantly, which leads to misconception and bias. As a result, students are often discouraged to present properly written assignments and understand the actual purpose of advancing their writing skills. Because students do not fully realize the importance of the writing skills, it is logical that they do not realize the importance of attending writing centers. The dependency between teachers’ strategies and learners’ attention has also been studied by Torki (n. d.) who has managed to explore compatibility between these two aspects. Investigating those aspects within a context of vocabulary class, the research relies on the two variables, â€Å"frequency and order of occurrence of lexical items in classroom discourse† (Torki, n. d. p. 336). The findings have revealed that some of the teachers’ assumptions concerning the learning strategies have been false, including frequency of occurrence. Overall, the given theoretical implications creates a sufficient ground for conducting a survey that seeks to define the actual reasons and percentage of students attending writing centers and the ones considering it a mere waste of time. Moreover, the given action research should define the new strategies for existing writing centers and proofreading services. Methodology Data Collection In order to answer the research questions and solve the research problems, a survey was conducted among 100 students on campus. The survey questions aim to define students’ attitude to writing services, as well as their awareness of the importance of attending proofreading services before submission. The sample population was chosen out of 3000 students. The participants composed of different nationalities, religions, and beliefs. Gender characteristic have not been considered because it provides no importance for answering the research question. While collecting data about the participants, I encountered several challenges. First, some students rejected to participate because they did not actually understand the purpose of research, though the scope was sufficiently explained. Second, the participants had difficulties while answering specific questions that related to their personal attitudes and beliefs. The da ta collection was composed of two stages. The first one involved e-mailing all students on campus about the survey and the second one was the survey itself. The invitation letter contained a brief characteristic of the research problem and a detailed analysis of an action research project. Out of 3000, about 230 reacted to the letter. However, the survey was completed by 100 participants because not all students were able to answer the questions.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The questionnaire prepared for the survey was composed with regard to such topics as frequency of attending writing centers, reasons for using services, students’ attitude of importance of using proofreading services, awareness and perception of teachers’ obligations and practical approaches. All the thematic nodes sought to find out the reasons of disservice of proofreading polices, as well as students’ perception of their contribution to the learning process. In addition, students have been chosen from different classes and departments and, therefore, these facts will not be included as a variable for the given action research project. Data Analysis While analyzing the answers, several topic areas were covered in the questionnaire (See Appendix 1). Among the respondents, 52% participants attended the writing centers and most of them (36 %) visited the center only once. The rest of the respondents did not use the proofreading services because the majority of th em (60 %) did not have enough time. Despite low frequency of attendance, approximately 50 % of the respondents believe that the writing centers providing a wide range of services (writing tutorials, writing practice materials, proofreading assistance, and creative writing practice) are indispensible for a successful academic progress. Hence, a controversy emerges concerning students’ frequency of attendance and their actual needs. Regarding these controversies, the focus should be made on re-evaluation of the existing services provided by the writing centers. First, the responses indicate that tutors fail to consider students’ needs and objectives because they do not fully recognize the problem with writing. Second, though the existing on campus agency provide sufficient writing and proofreading services, teacher fail to ensure students with the corresponding support and assistance. What is more important is that these agencies fail to invite students and persuade thos e that proofreading process is as important as the writing one. The second part of a survey was focused on the analysis of teachers’ role in assisting and counseling students. Thus, almost two third of respondents (62 %) confirmed that they are not in need of a person that would check their paper before submission. The remaining third (38 %) of students recognized the necessity of introducing intermediate for checking their writing. However, among these 38 % of students refer to mostly either to family members or friend for checking a paper. Out of those people, only 24 % rely on teacher’s authority. As per 62 %, these groups of students explain their reluctance to involve a third person by unavailability of professionals (47 %), insignificance of the checking (30 %), and time shortage (21 %), 2 % of the respondents do not even consider that checking is really important. These results were supported by students’ opinion about the importance and usefulness of the proofreading services. Finally, the results of the survey provided information about the expensiveness of the proofreading services because only 17 % of respondents afforded to pay for them. Overall, the given survey results have proved the idea that the writing centers on campus do not provide enough support. They also fail to attract students to address such agencies because the majority of students have not applied to them yet. Finally, students’ perception of tutors help is insignificant because they do not recognize the role of counseling in advancing their writing skills. At the same time, they believe that writing tutorials and creative approaches should still be used. A Plan of Action To explore the reasons and define the solutions that should be introduced, it is necessary to introduce changes to the current situation. The solutions will be focused on improving the quality of tutors’ assistance, as well as making students being more aware of the importance of addressing the writing centers. With regard to the above, the plan will focus on introducing the following changes: Introducing new tutor strategies for creating new writing centers on campus will be possible through a care-centered approach (Piston, 2010); Reconsidering professor’s instructions to the written assignments through instructional interventions (Enos, 2010); Recognizing the difficulties that students experience while performing a written assignment (Tan, n. d.); Introducing a person-oriented approach to assessing ESL student writing skills; Creating separate classes of ESL students having difficulties with proofreading (Ernest, Johnson, Kelly-Riley, 2011); Introducing new steps to understanding written assignment. Regarding the first solution, it is purposeful to introduce a care giving approach for a student. Under these circumstances, the personnel of the writing centers should undergo special training to meet the concepts and requirement of a new learning technique. To be more precise, â€Å"†¦the caring tutoring approach when the tutor does not mindlessly berate the tutee about every sentence in the tutee’s paper and a caring tutor employs constructive criticism† (Piston, 2010, p. 10). Thus, a caring approach will fear a deep comprehension of a tutor, as well as an in-depth analysis of the tutee. Hence, the concept of caring should an ethical obligation for students because tutors should assist students from moral and professional perspectives. In this respect, Piston (2010) talks about mothering roles and increased importance of women in applying this approach. A relation between a tutor and tutee, therefore, should be interpreted as a psychological consultation, which is necessary for recognizing the difficulties and overcoming those in smaller class groups. Aside from innovative approaches introduced in the plan, significant shifts should be presented to the actual academic schedule. In this respect, Enos (2011 ) insists on the idea of instructional interventions to fill in the gaps between students’ writing skills and teachers’ expectations. In this respect, the importance of instructional interventions lies in promoting the level of students’ writing skills, as well as improving the learning outcomes. Judging from these theoretical implications, the practical intervention will be based on the shift in communication, lesson structure, and home assignments allocation. More importantly, the professors will have to introduce cohesive and strict instructions to the home assignment where the proofreading part will be inserted as an obligatory component of academic home assignments. A person-oriented approach is also an integral component of advanced and high-quality proofreading centers, as far as people with culturally diverse backgrounds are concerned. According to Crossman and Kite (2007), there is an evident connection between learning practices and the phenomenon of c ultural diversity. Hence, introducing native speakers to ESL classes will be beneficial for both group because there is a great opportunities for sharing experience and exchanging cultural information. Students from different cultures integrates into proofreading activities can significantly improve their communicational and interpersonal skills. Moreover, a collaborative approach presented at the writing centers can open a wide variety of perspectives for all students. Finally, understanding the scope of written assignments can be widened through creating online writing lab. Existing writing agencies on campus, therefore, should post basic concepts and purposes of writing, among the proofreading process should take one of the most important means of successful and high quality writing. Moreover, integration of online services to Asian university should become possible through interventions made from the North American higher educational establishments (Tan, n. d., p. 390). Embracin g all the above-presented solutions will help re-establish and improve the existing situation with the shortage of proofreading services, as well as disservice of the writing policies. Evaluating Results Regarding the proposed interventions, the improvement should occur in terms of students’ increased awareness of the role of proofreading services in an academic process, as well as advanced quality of writing services provided to students. In this respect, introducing a care giving approach to each student should contribute greatly to changing perceptions and attitudes to word the editing and proofreading process being inherent parts of successful writing. Teaching patterns will also undergo tangible shifts both at the writing centers on campus and in the classrooms. In particular, they should encourage students to engage into different social communities and attract them to address writing agencies for the purpose of improving their communication skills and proofreading skil ls. Moreover, significant attention will be given to difficulties and challenges that students should overcome. In such a manner, the intervention plan will increase the number of ESL students that want to apply to editing and proofreading services before submitting a written assignment to their instructions. The given approach to problem solving provides significant results because total evaluation of an academic curriculum is closely associated with disservice of proofreading services, as well as students’ unawareness of the writing difficulties. However, the intervention plan can be significantly facilitated if the University authorities decide to create community learning services guiding students and helping them cope with writing difficulties. In addition, a combination of survey results (quantitative data) with interviews (qualitative data) would also be beneficial for the given action research project because it could help consider ethical issues (Harwood, Austin, Ma caulay, 2010; Arney Jones, 2006). Specifically, interviews would provide a deeper insight into the students’ perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes concerning the role of proofreading and tutors’ assistance in writing skills acquisition. Conclusion and Recommendations The action research projects have highlighted the importance of introducing tutors’ assistance, as well as specific training materials for ESL students so as to advance the level of their writing skills. In fact, paying greater attention to the concept of writing and proofreading service can increase the quality of students’ achievement, as well as contribute to students’ understanding of using editing and proofreading services being at the core of successful writing. The data analysis has justified the rationale for introducing action plan to the given problem because the majority of ESL students on campus are not fully aware of the value of tutors’ assistance and support. In th is respect, the implementation of a care giving approach and a person-oriented learning can provide significant shifts to the overall educational system. The quantitative data received from survey results constitute sufficient evidence for continuing the research on the problem of proofreading services provided by the writing centers on campus. Implications for future works will be specifically connected with the study of cultural diversity as one of the key indicators that influence ESL learners’ writing skills. Specifically, creating service learning communities and online writing labs that can motivate students to address counselors. With regard to the above-presented conclusions, it is recommended to introduce qualitative data to supply the given research with additional information on the reasons for ignoring professional assistance of peer tutors checking papers before submissions. Financial issues should also be considered while tackling the problem of students’ perception of the writing agencies at the University. References Arney, J., Jones, I. (2006). Uniting Community and University Through Service Learning. Business Communication Quarterly, 69(2), 195-198. Crossman, J. M., Kite, S. L. (2007). Their Perspectives: Esl Students Reflections On Collaborative Community Service Learning. Business Communication Quarterly, 70(2), 147-165. Enos, M. F. (2010). Instructional Interventions For Improving Proofreading And Editing Skills Of College Students. Business Communication Quarterly, 73(3), 265-281. Ernest, A., Johnson, P., Kelly-Riley, D. (2011). Assessing Rhetorically: Evidence of Student Progress in Small-Group Writing Tutorials. Learning Assistance Review (TLAR), 16(2), 23-40. Gupta, D., Woldemarian, G. S. (n. d.). The Influence of Motivation and Attitude on Writing Strategy Use of Undergraduate EFL Students: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives. Asian EFL Journal. 13(2), 34-89. Harwood N., Austin, L., Macaulay, R. (2010). Ethic s and integrity in proofreading: Findings from an interview-based study. English For Specific Purposes, 2954-67. Ma, A. (2011). Do teachers reap what they sow? A study of young ESL learners perception of what is learned in an English lesson. Asian EFL Journal, 13(3), 184-204. Piston, R. A. (2010). Writing Center Tutors Have the Luxury to Focus on Individual Student Care Giving as Opposed to Formal Classroom Settings that Are Less Care Centered. English Language Teaching. 3(2), 10-12. Tan, B.-H. (n. d.) Innovating Writing Centers and Online Writing Labs outside North America. Asian EFL Journal. 13(2), 391-418. Torki, S. (n. d.) What Teachers Want Them to Attend to in EFL Vocabulary Class? Asian EFL Journal. 13(2), 336-361. Appendix 1 ESP Writing Skills Survey Results Instructions Please circle the correct answer and provide information according to your answer, if requested. Have you ever been to the writing center on campus? YES (48%) or NO (52%) If YES, on average how many times per semester? Once (36%) Two or three times (42%) Four or five times (24%) More than five times (2%) If NO, why not? No one was available to help the last time I went (7%) It is not necessary (30%) I never have enough time (60%) Other (Please explain _Didnt know about it____ ) (3%) What do you think is the main purpose of a writing center? To provide writing tutorials (27%) To provide writing practice materials (34%) To provide proof-reading assistance (15%) To encourage creative writing (24%) Please rank the importance of the writing services below according to your own personal need. Service Not Important Slightly Important Moderately Important Very Important Writing tutorials 7% 15% 28% 50% Writing practice materials 5% 9% 34% 52% Proof reading assistance 6% 44% 20% 30% Creative writing practice 4% 14% 29% 53% Do you have someone check your work before you submit it to your teacher? YES (38%) or NO (62%) If YES, who checks your work? A family memb er (34%) A friend (43%) A teacher (23%) Other (Please explain ___________________ ) (0%) If NO, why not? No one is available to help (47%) It is not necessary (30%) I never have enough time (21%) Other (Please explain __Never thought of it____ ) (2%) In your opinion, how much would a proof reading service help you to improve your writing skills? Not at all (4%) Slightly (16%) Moderately (56%) Dramatically (24%) Have you ever paid for a proof reading service online? YES (17%) or NO (83%)

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 16

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Our Current Use of Internet Technology and Recommendations for the Essay

Our Current Use of Internet Technology and Recommendations for the Future - Essay Example Knowing fully well that this company, Dixons, is a retail company dealing in electronics, the Internet has greatly helped us in running our business. There are so many ways the Internet has helped our business, but I will talking about how it has helped the marketing department of this organization. Before adopting the Internet, millions of pounds are spent on marketing the company's products and services. Some of these spending could be justified while others were just unnecessary. The forms of advertising adopted were: direct sales, yellow pages advertising, newspaper and magazine advertising as well. Television adverts were also part of the marketing strategies adopted by the organization. Though these strategies worked, they still had their limitations and were consuming so much from the company's purse. The Internet has reduced these limitations and has also cut down the cost of marketing ever since we have been using it. By running our business on the Internet, the cost of advertising has greatly reduced. The cost of running a direct sale campaign is very alarming. Materials have to be printed, packaged in an envelope and then sent to their respective destinations. The Internet has eliminated all these expensive processes and replaced them with relatively inexpensive strategies. One of the marketing strategies we are adopting now, which is v... There are neither printing costs nor any postage stamp to be bought. It has a higher response rate that the direct sales method. The effectiveness of this method is based on the fact of reselling to those who have bought from us, the existing customers. It is conventional wisdom in the high street retail trade that it cost ten times more to attract a new customer than to keep an existing one (Bruce Durie, 2001). Whenever we make a sale, we get the email addresses of the new customer. We get in touch with them on a regular basis and then recommend some other products that may be complementary to what they have bought earlier. This has also afforded us to build relationships with the customers. When we recommend new products to them, they gladly patronize us because of the relationship we have with them. Another online promotional strategy the marketing department is using is banner advertising. The way this is done is that we have our graphics designers design banners that we can place on other people's website for a nominal fee. This is a very simple and inexpensive marketing strategy. There are several high-traffic websites who are willing to give a space on their web pages in order to generate revenue. What we do is that we find out these websites and contact their owners to find out what it will take to place our banner on their websites. We find out that the cost these webmasters charge is very cheap. The opportunity they offer all is great. For a little cost, we are able to expose our products to hundreds of thousands of people every month. This has also generated a lot of traffic to our website and has helped so much with the sales being generated. This form of advertising has greatly